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MySql General

An IT Auditor's Approach To DB2 Database Security, Risk And Control

Monday, 25 October 2010 11:09 MySql General
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This article presents an IT auditor's view of DB2 database risks, controls and security. We see this area as especially important due to the increasing attacks on IBM DB2 and other commercial databases that have resulted in the disclosure of confidential data.

This article presents an IT auditor's view of DB2 database risks, controls and security. We see this area as especially important due to the increasing attacks on IBM DB2 and other commercial databases that have resulted in the disclosure of confidential data.

An understanding of risks and controls is the first step in any IT audit. Controls are reviewed for proper design and then tested for effectiveness. This approach is fundamental to IT auditing and a prerequisite to effective security.

In this article, we want to highlight the correlation of the most critical DB2 risks and controls gleaned from different sources of database security best practices. As discussed below, there is some consensus on database security and the underlying risks and controls that are essential to database auditing.

An article in the IBM Technical Library titled '12 DB2 Security Best Practices' provides valuable guidance on DB2 risks and controls. Another source of
information in this area is an excellent white paper titled 'Top Ten Database
Security Threats' published by the well-respected industry vendor Imperva. These documents can be very useful to IT auditors as well as database administrators in understanding the risks in their DB2 environments.

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Update and Delete in MySQL

Friday, 19 December 2008 20:34 MySql General
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Current revision posted to MySQL Tutorials by admin on 12/19/2008 7:34:58 PM

 

Delete Data

The DELETE statement deletes rows from a table that satisfy the condition given by the WHERE clause. For example to delete a record from species table where id equals 1

mysql> DELETE FROM species WHERE id = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM species;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
| 2  | Bird  |
| 3  | Fish  |
| 4  | Dog   |
+----+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)


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Retrieve Data from MySQL Table

Friday, 19 December 2008 20:31 MySql General
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Current revision posted to MySQL Tutorials by admin on 12/19/2008 7:31:13 PM

Retrieving the table data is easy, just use the SELECT statement like this

mysql> SELECT * FROM species;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
| 1  | Cat    |
| 2  | Bird   |
| 3  | Fish   |
| 4  | Turtle |
+----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

The * from the SELECT statement means select all columns. If you only want the names you can write

mysql> SELECT name FROM species;
+--------+
| name   |
+--------+
| Cat    |
| Bird   |
| Fish   |
| Turtle |
+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

To select only the records that interest you, you can use WHERE statement followed by the definition. For example to select a record from species table where id equals 4 you can do this :

mysql> SELECT * FROM species WHERE id = 4;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
| 4  | Turtle |
+----+--------+
1 row in set (0.59 sec)

If you want to order the returned rows by a criteria you can use ORDER BY like this :

mysql> SELECT * FROM species ORDER BY name;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
| 2 | Bird    |
| 1 | Cat     |
| 3 | Fish    |
| 4 | Turtle  |
+----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

By default the result is sorted in ascending order. So this query will give the same result :

mysql> SELECT * FROM species ORDER BY name ASC;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
| 2  | Bird   |
| 1  | Cat    |
| 3  | Fish   |
| 4  | Turtle |
+----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

The ASC means ascending order. To get a descending order you just change the ASC with DESC like this :

mysql> SELECT * FROM species ORDER BY name DESC;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
| 4  | Turtle |
| 3  | Fish   |
| 1  | Cat    |
| 2  | Bird   |
+----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


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Add Data to a MySQL Database

Friday, 19 December 2008 20:27 MySql General
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Current revision posted to MySQL Tutorials by admin on 12/19/2008 7:27:50 PM

You can insert data to the tables directly from mysql> prompt or by loading a file containing the data. The values will be tab separated one line represent one record.

To insert the data directly from mysql use the INSERT statement. The format for INSERT is INSERT INTO <table name> (column1, column2, ....) values ( 'value1', 'value2', ...). For example to insert a species name into the table species the command is like this :

mysql> INSERT INTO species (name) values ('Cat');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Remember to put single quotes around a value it is a string.

Notice that i don't have to set the value of id because id have AUTO_INCREMENT attribute. Whenever you insert a new record to the table the value of id is set automatically by mysql with increasing values. The AUTO_INCREMENT attribute is commonly used to create unique identity for new rows

Next example will show how to insert data from a text file, you can get the file here and try in on your computer.

mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE "insert.txt" INTO TABLE species;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

You can also run SQL queries directly from the DOS prompt. Assuming insert.txt is in C: you can run the query in insert.txt like this

C:mysql < insert.txt


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Create a Table in MySQL

Friday, 19 December 2008 20:23 MySql General
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Current revision posted to MySQL Tutorials by admin on 12/19/2008 7:23:38 PM

For this example we'll create two tables. The first one describe the species of animals available in a pet store and the second will store the data of a pet in the store. The table names will be species and pet

The species table will consist of the id and the animal species, and the pet table will consist of animal id, species, sex, and price

mysql> CREATE TABLE species (id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, species varchar(30) NOT NULL, primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE pet(id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, sp_id INT NOT NULL, sex CHAR(1) NOT NULL, price DECIMAL(4,2) NOT NULL, primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> SHOW tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_petstore |
+--------------------+
| pet                |
| species             |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DESCRIBE species;
+---------+-------------+----+-----+---------+---------------+
| Field   | Type        |Null| Key | Default | Extra         |
+---------+-------------+----+-----+---------+---------------+
| id      | int(11)     |    | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment|
| name    | varchar(30) |    |     |         |               |
+---------+-------------+----+-----+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.05 sec)

mysql> DESC pet;
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         |Null| Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      |    | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| sp_id | int(11)      |    |     | 0       |                |
| sex   | char(1)      |    |     |         |                |
| price | decimal(4,2) |    |     | 0.00    |                |
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

The SQL sytax to create table is : CREATE TABLE <tablename> (<list of fields>)

The DESCRIBE or DESC statement is used to show a description of a table. You can also use EXPLAIN or SHOW COLUMNS

mysql> EXPLAIN pet;
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         |Null| Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      |    | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| sp_id | int(11)      |    |     | 0       |                |
| sex   | char(1)      |    |     |         |                |
| price | decimal(4,2) |    |     | 0.00    |                |
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM pet;
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type         |Null| Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)      |    | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| sp_id | int(11)      |    |     | 0       |                |
| sex   | char(1)      |    |     |         |                |
| price | decimal(4,2) |    |     | 0.00    |                |
+-------+--------------+----+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


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